What is separation of duties? What is Separation of Duties The separation of duties is one of various internal control techniques for safeguarding a company’s assets. By separating employee’s duties, the likelihood...
What is separation of duties? What is Separation of Duties The separation of duties is one of various internal control techniques for safeguarding a company’s assets. By separating employee’s duties, the likelihood...
What is the rule of 72? The rule of 72 is a simple formula that tells you the approximate amount of time or interest rate needed for an amount to double. The formula is Years X Rate per year = 72. Here’s how it works....
What is theoretical capacity? Theoretical capacity is the level of a manufacturer’s production that would be attained if all of its equipment and operations performed continuously at their optimum efficiency....
What is the meaning of base year? In accounting, base year may refer to the year in which a U.S. business had adopted the LIFO cost flow assumption for valuing its inventory and its cost of goods sold. Under the...
What is a budget variance? A budget variance results when an actual amount is different from a planned or budgeted amount. A budget variance can occur for revenues and for expenses. Join PRO to Track Progress Mark the...
What is an incremental cost? Definition of Incremental Cost An incremental cost is the difference in total costs as the result of a change in some activity. Incremental costs are also referred to as the differential...
What are pro forma financial statements? Definition of Pro Forma Financial Statement A pro forma financial statement is one based on certain assumptions and projections (as opposed to the typical financial statement...
What is the price earnings ratio? The price earnings ratio, or P/E ratio, is the market price per share of common stock divided by the earnings per share of common stock. A corporation with a high price earnings ratio is...
What is direct labor? Definition of Direct Labor Direct labor refers to the employees and temporary staff who work directly on a manufacturer’s products. (People working in the production area, but not directly on the...
What are out-of-pocket costs? Out-of-pocket costs are those costs or expenses that require a cash payment in the current period or during a project. For example, the wages of the person setting up a machine for a new...
What is a non-discount method in capital budgeting? Definition of Non-discount Method of Capital Budgeting A non-discount method of capital budgeting is one that does not consider the time value of money. In other words,...
Why is manufacturing overhead allocated to products? Definition of Manufacturing Overhead Allocated to Products Manufacturing overhead refers to the indirect production costs of producing goods, products, component...
How do you calculate the payback period? Definition of Payback Period The payback period is the expected number of years it will take for a company to recoup the cash it invested in a project. Examples of Payback Periods...
Should a company focus on cash flows or accounting profits when making a capital expenditure decision? Using the incremental cash flows and discounting them to reflect the time value of money is the preferred method. The...
What is the time value of money? Definition of Time Value of Money The time value of money recognizes that receiving cash today is more valuable than receiving cash in the future. The reason is that the cash received...
What are manufacturing costs? Definition of Manufacturing Costs Manufacturing costs are the costs of materials plus the costs to convert the materials into products. All manufacturing costs must be assigned to the units...
What is a learning curve? Definition of Learning Curve A common learning curve shows that the cumulative average time to complete a manual task (in which learning is involved) will decrease 20% whenever the cumulative...
What is a budget? A budget is a financial plan for future activities. The budgets used in business often include a sales or revenues budget detailed by products or services, production budgets, budgets for each...
What are semivariable costs? Definition of Semivariable Costs Semivariable costs are costs or expenses whose behavior is partially fixed and partially variable. That is, part of the total cost does not increase or...
What is job order costing? Definition of Job Order Costing Job order costing or job costing is a system for assigning and accumulating manufacturing costs of an individual unit of output. The job order costing system is...
What is accounting? Definition of Accounting Accounting is the recording of financial transactions along with storing, sorting, retrieving, summarizing, and presenting the results in various reports and analyses....
How do you compute the selling price of a bond? Definition of Selling Price of Bond The selling price (or the market value) of a bond is the present value of the future contractual cash amounts that are going to be...
Are direct costs fixed and indirect costs variable? Direct Costs vs. Indirect Costs The terms direct costs and indirect costs could be referring to a product, a department, a machine, geographic market, etc. (which are...
What is process costing? Definition of Process Costing Process costing is a term used in cost accounting to describe one method for collecting and assigning manufacturing costs to the units produced. A processing cost...
Income Statement(Quick Test #2 with Coaching) Download PDF This Quick Test with Coaching includes a “View Coaching” button to the right of each answer box. If you choose to click the button, an explanation for the...
Balance Sheet(Quick Test #2 with Coaching) Download PDF This Quick Test with Coaching includes a “View Coaching” button to the right of each answer box. If you choose to click the button, an explanation for the...
Our Explanation of Adjusting Entries gives you a process and an understanding of how to make the adjusting entries in order to have an accurate balance sheet and income statement. Eight examples including T-accounts for...
Our Explanation of Debits and Credits describes the reasons why various accounts are debited and/or credited. For the examples we provide the logic, use T-accounts for a clearer understanding, and the appropriate general...
Our Explanation of Bank Reconciliation will show you the needed adjustments to the balance on the bank statement and also the adjustments needed to the balance in the related general ledger account. A comprehensive...
Our Explanation of Working Capital and Liquidity provides you with an in-depth look at the components of working capital and the challenges of converting current assets to cash before obligations come due. You will see...
Our Explanation of Accounts Payable provides insights on the bill paying process in a large company. Included are discussions of the three-way match, early payment discounts, end of period accruals, and more.
Our Explanation of Bonds Payable covers the recording of bonds, the accrual of interest expense, and the amortization of the discount and premium on bonds payable. You gain an understanding on why the market value of...
Our Explanation of Income Statement helps you learn the most important features of a corporation's income statement (also known as the statement of operations or profit and loss statement). We provide more understanding...
Our Explanation of Nonprofit Accounting includes a chart that contrasts the financial statements of a nonprofit (or not-for-profit) organization with those of a for-profit business corporation. There are many examples to...
Accounting Basics(Quick Test #2) Download PDF After you have answered all 30 questions, click "Grade This Quick Test" at the bottom of the page to view your grade and receive feedback on your answers. Note: Some of the...
Our Explanation of Bonds Payable covers the recording of bonds, the accrual of interest expense, and the amortization of the discount and premium on bonds payable. You gain an understanding on why the market value of...
Our Explanation of Accounts Payable provides insights on the bill paying process in a large company. Included are discussions of the three-way match, early payment discounts, end of period accruals, and more.
Financial Statements(Quick Test #2) Download PDF After you have answered all 45 questions, click "Grade This Quick Test" at the bottom of the page to view your grade and receive feedback on your answers. Note: Some of...
Our Explanation of Financial Statements provides you with the highlights of each of the five external financial statements issued by U.S. corporations. Our insights will give you a good understanding of what the...
Financial Ratios Financial Ratios Including Limitations Financial ratios are one component of financial analysis. Financial ratios are often calculated by using amounts from previously issued annual financial statements....
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